Module 6

Grocery Store Label Decoder Card

What food labels actually mean vs. what they imply

Label Claim	What It Actually Means	Trustworthy?
USDA Organic	95%+ organic ingredients, no synthetic pesticides, no GMOs, third-party verified	Yes — legally regulated and audited
"Natural"	Almost nothing. No artificial colors/flavors in meat only. No standard for other foods.	No — meaningless marketing term
Non-GMO Project Verified	Third-party tested to be below 0.9% GMO threshold	Yes — independently verified
"Made with Organic"	Only 70% organic ingredients required; rest can be conventional	Partially — check ingredient list
Free Range	Poultry had "access to outdoors" — could be a small door to a concrete pad	Weak — look for Pasture-Raised instead
Cage Free	Not in cages, but can be packed in a barn with no outdoor access	Weak — better than caged, far from ideal
Pasture-Raised	108+ sq ft per bird outdoors. Meaningful outdoor access.	Yes — especially with Certified Humane seal
Grass-Fed	Animal ate grass at some point. May have been grain-finished.	Partial — look for "Grass-Fed AND Grass-Finished"
"No Added Sugar"	No sugar added during processing, but may contain concentrated fruit juice (still sugar)	Check the label — may still be high sugar
"Whole Grain"	Contains some whole grain, but could be mostly refined. Check if first ingredient says "whole."	Check ingredient order — marketing trick
"Sugar Free"	< 0.5g sugar per serving, but often contains artificial sweeteners	Read ingredients — artificial sweeteners may be worse
rBGH/rBST Free	No synthetic growth hormones in dairy cattle	Yes — worth choosing

Red Flag Ingredients (Avoid These)

High fructose corn syrup— Metabolized differently than sugar; linked to fatty liver

Artificial food dyes (Red 40, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, Blue 1)— Linked to behavioral issues in sensitive children

Sodium benzoate— Forms benzene (carcinogen) when combined with vitamin C

BHA / BHT— Preservatives classified as possible carcinogens

Carrageenan— Triggers gut inflammation in sensitive individuals

"Natural flavors" (alone, with no specifics)— Can contain MSG, solvents, or hundreds of unnamed chemicals

Partially hydrogenated oils (trans fats)— Banned but still appear in small amounts via labeling loopholes

Sodium nitrite/nitrate (in processed meats)— Forms nitrosamines during cooking; linked to colorectal cancer