Gut Health & Microbiome
Research, products, and tools referenced in this module.33 resources available.
3 printable PDFs
Which beneficial bacteria your child needs, which foods deliver them, and age-appropriate servings
Identify and eliminate the factors actively destroying your child's gut ecosystem
How to introduce fermented foods at every age — starting simple, building tolerance, making it normal
Dominguez-Bello et al. (2010) - Landmark study showing how vaginal vs C-section birth shapes initial bacterial colonization across body sites
Shao et al. (2019) - Nature study showing C-section babies have disrupted Bacteroides transmission and increased opportunistic pathogens
Yano et al. (2015) - Cell study demonstrating that spore-forming gut bacteria directly regulate serotonin production
Bravo et al. (2011) - PNAS study showing L. rhamnosus affects brain GABA receptor expression and anxiety behavior through the vagus nerve
Kang et al. (2017) - Open-label study showing microbiota transfer improved GI and behavioral symptoms in children with autism
Tan et al. (2014) - Comprehensive review of how dietary fiber and SCFAs affect gut and immune health
Shen et al. (2017) - Meta-analysis showing probiotics given near first antibiotic dose reduce CDI risk by 50%+
Chassaing et al. (2015) - Nature study showing common food additives disrupt gut bacteria and promote inflammation
Rooks & Garrett (2016) - Comprehensive review of microbiome-immune interactions in Nature Reviews Immunology
Ferretti et al. (2018) - Cell Host Microbe study on how maternal bacteria colonize infants from multiple body sites
O'Mahony et al. (2015) - Review of how gut bacteria influence tryptophan metabolism and brain function
Qin et al. (2010) - MetaHIT study establishing 3.3 million microbial genes in the gut, 150x more than the human genome
Vighi et al. (2008) - Review establishing that 70-80% of immune cells reside in gut-associated lymphoid tissue
Bonaz et al. (2018) - Review showing 80% of vagus nerve fibers are afferent (gut-to-brain), establishing the vagus as a key communication pathway
Sudo et al. (2004) - Landmark study showing germ-free mice have exaggerated stress responses reversible only by early microbial colonization
McDonald et al. (2018) - Citizen science study showing 30+ plant types per week associated with greater microbiome diversity
Wickens et al. (2018) - RCT showing L. rhamnosus HN001 reduces allergic disease prevalence through age 11 in high-risk infants
Gutiérrez-Castrellón et al. (2017) - Systematic review and network meta-analysis supporting L. reuteri for infantile colic treatment
Dethlefsen & Relman (2011) - PNAS study showing incomplete and individualized recovery of gut microbiota after repeated antibiotics
Baron et al. (2020) - Systematic review linking prenatal and infant antibiotic exposure with increased childhood asthma, eczema, and hay fever
Suez et al. (2014) - Nature study showing artificial sweeteners alter gut microbiome and induce glucose intolerance
Strachan (1989) - Original BMJ paper proposing the hygiene hypothesis based on hay fever and family size data
Rook et al. (2013) - Updated framework explaining how loss of ancestral microbial exposures leads to immune dysregulation
Ownby et al. (2002) - JAMA study showing early exposure to 2+ pets reduces allergic sensitization risk by age 6-7
Ege et al. (2011) - NEJM study showing farm children exposed to diverse microorganisms have lower asthma and atopy rates
Tun et al. (2017) - CHILD study showing household furry pets enrich beneficial gut bacteria in infants across birth scenarios
Rajindrajith et al. (2016) - Review establishing childhood constipation affects up to 30% of children worldwide
Lieberthal et al. (2013) - AAP clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and management of acute otitis media, supporting watchful waiting
L. rhamnosus GG probiotic packets for children - one of the most studied probiotic strains
Saccharomyces boulardii probiotic powder for antibiotic-associated diarrhea prevention
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