Nutrition & The Gut-Brain Axis: Toddler & Preschool
Tools, research, and external resources referenced in this module.11 resources available.
While milk is nutritious, excessive consumption displaces iron-rich foods and calcium in milk directly inhibits iron absorption.
Research shows repeated low-pressure exposure is the most effective strategy for expanding picky eaters' diets.
Pressure to eat creates negative associations with food. The evidence shows that low-pressure repeated exposure works better.
Parents who believe their child had sugar rate behavior as more hyperactive even when the child received a placebo. The effect is expectation, not sugar.
For ages 2-18, the limit is 25 grams (6 teaspoons) per day. One children's yogurt often contains 10-15 grams.
The research consistently shows that family meals provide benefits far beyond nutrition—they're a protective factor across multiple domains.
Involvement in meal preparation gives children ownership and exposure, both of which increase willingness to try foods.
Risk factors include excessive milk intake (>24 oz/day), picky eating, and low meat consumption. Iron affects brain development and cognition.
One egg provides about 30% of a toddler's daily choline needs. The choline is in the yolk, so include whole eggs.
Research shows that the habits and preferences formed in toddlerhood tend to persist, making these years a critical window for establishing healthy patterns.
Research on contingent food rewards shows that the 'reward' food becomes more desirable while the 'work' food becomes less desirable.
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