Module Resources

Bouchard (2013) - Key paper demonstrating that IQ heritability increases from ~20% in childhood to ~80% in adulthood, showing the critical importance of early environment

Trahan et al. (2014) - Comprehensive meta-analysis showing IQ gains of 2.3-2.9 points per decade throughout the 20th century

Simons et al. (2016) - Landmark review finding no evidence for broad cognitive benefits from brain training games

Ritchie & Tucker-Drob (2018) - Education is the most consistent method for raising intelligence, with 1-5 IQ points per year of schooling

Soveri et al. (2017) - N-back training shows task-specific transfer but very small effects on fluid intelligence and cognitive control

Jackson et al. (2016) - Structured exercise produces significant improvements in executive function in children

Astill et al. (2012) - Meta-analysis of 86 studies showing sleep duration positively relates to cognitive performance

Horta et al. (2015) - Breastfed children score 2.6-3.4 IQ points higher than formula-fed children

Ritchie et al. (2015) - Twin study showing reading ability predicts subsequent intelligence differences across both verbal and nonverbal domains

Brown (2016) - Historical analysis of the development of the fluid vs crystallized intelligence distinction

Bratsberg & Rogeberg (2018) - Norwegian data showing Flynn effect gains and reversals occur within families, proving environmental causation

Federal Trade Commission (2016) - Official announcement of $2 million settlement for deceptive brain training advertising claims