Nutrition for Infants
Research, products, and tools referenced in this module.28 resources available.
4 printable PDFs
Track every new food — what, when, amount, and any reactions — to build a complete picture of your baby's tolerance
Iron is the most critical nutrient for infant brain development — know the best sources and how much your baby needs
Early, regular exposure to top allergens between 4-11 months significantly reduces allergy risk — here's the evidence-based timeline
Understand what's in each, what's unique to breastmilk, and how to optimize either feeding method
Lozoff et al. (2006) - Comprehensive review showing iron deficiency in infancy causes cognitive and behavioral effects persisting through adolescence
Caudill et al. (2018) - Randomized trial showing higher maternal choline intake improves infant cognitive processing
Hibbeln et al. (2007) - ALSPAC study showing maternal seafood intake correlates with child cognitive outcomes
Horta et al. (2015) - Meta-analysis of 17 studies finding modest IQ advantages for breastfed infants
Italianer et al. (2020) - Systematic review documenting daily variations in breast milk cortisol and melatonin
Walsh et al. (2020) - Review of how HMOs function as prebiotics to cultivate beneficial gut bacteria
Du Toit et al. (2015) - Landmark RCT showing 80% reduction in peanut allergy with early introduction
Fangupo et al. (2016) - BLISS study RCT finding no difference in choking risk between BLW and traditional feeding
Dominguez-Bello et al. (2010) - Landmark study on how birth mode affects infant microbiome colonization
Yano et al. (2015) - Cell study showing gut bacteria promote serotonin production in the colon
Singhal et al. (2000) - Study finding no adverse effects from iron-fortified formula including no increase in constipation
Chang et al. (2009) - Review documenting that the brain is nearly 60% fat and the role of DHA in brain development
Baker & Greer (2010) - AAP clinical report recommending 1 mg/kg/day iron for breastfed infants from 4 months
Patki et al. (2010) - Discovery that human breast milk contains multipotent mesenchymal stem cells
Kühne et al. (1991) - Case report of serious infantile neurological disorder from B12 deficiency in breastfed infant of vegan mother
Sung et al. (2018) - Meta-analysis showing L. reuteri DSM 17938 effective for breastfed infants with colic
Renz & Skevaki (2021) - Review of how early-life antibiotic use and microbiome disruption increase allergy risk
Nowak-Wegrzyn et al. (2017) - First international evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management of FPIES
Nelson et al. (1997) - Practice-based survey finding regurgitation peaks at 67% of infants at 4 months
Kattan et al. (2011) - Review of cow's milk and soy allergy epidemiology, cross-reactivity, and management
Wagner et al. (2008) - AAP policy statement on vitamin D supplementation for all breastfed infants
FDA regulatory requirements ensuring all US infant formulas meet nutritional standards
Meek & Noble (2022) - AAP policy recommending exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, continued for 2 years or beyond
Togias et al. (2017) - Expert panel guidelines for preventing peanut allergy through early introduction
Resources are curated to support your learning. Research links go directly to published studies. We recommend these products and services because we believe in their quality - we do not receive commissions or affiliate payments for any recommendations.